Manganese applications

Uses In the iron and steel industry, it is mainly used for desulfurization and deoxidation of steel; it is also used as an alloy additive to improve the strength, hardness, elastic limit, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of steel; in high alloy steel, it is also used As austenite compounding element, it is used for refining stainless steel, special alloy steel, stainless steel electrode, etc. In addition, it is also used in non-ferrous metals, chemical industry, medicine, food, analysis and scientific research.

alloy

The temper of manganese steel is very strange and interesting: if you add 2.5-3.5% manganese to the steel, the low manganese steel obtained is almost brittle like glass, and it will break when you knock it. However, if more than 13% manganese is added to make high manganese steel, it becomes both hard and tough. When high-manganese steel is heated to a light orange color, it becomes very soft and can be easily processed in various ways. Plus, it's not magnetic and won't be attracted to magnets. Nowadays, manganese steel is widely used to manufacture steel mills, ball bearings, buckets of bulldozers and excavators and other frequently worn components, as well as iron-manganese-manganese rails, bridges, etc. The roof of the auditorium of the newly built Cultural Plaza in Shanghai adopts a novel grid structure and is welded with thousands of manganese steel pipes. In the fan-shaped hall with a length of 76 meters and a width of 138 meters, there is not a single column in the middle. Because manganese steel is used as a structural material, it is very strong, and the material used is less than other steels. On average, only 45 kilograms of manganese steel is used per square meter of the roof. In 1973, the Shanghai Gymnasium (which accommodated 18,000 people) also used manganese steel as the structural material for the grid roof. In the military, high manganese steel is used to make steel helmets, tank steel armor, and warheads of armor-piercing bullets. When smelting manganese steel, it is made by mixing soft tin ore containing 60-70% manganese with iron ore.

Auxiliary

Manganese is deoxidized by ferromanganese and remains in steel during steelmaking. Manganese has good deoxidation ability, which can reduce FeO in steel to iron and improve the quality of steel; it can also form MnS with sulfur, thereby reducing sulfur harmful effects. Reduce the brittleness of the steel and improve the hot workability of the steel; manganese can be mostly dissolved in the ferrite to form a replacement solid solution, which strengthens the ferrite and improves the strength and hardness of the steel. Manganese is a beneficial element in steel.

diet

Manganese is one of the necessary trace elements for the normal body. It constitutes several enzymes with important physiological functions in the body. Normally, 3-9 mg of manganese is taken from food every day.

Manganese is a component of several enzymatic systems including manganese-specific glycosyltransferases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and is required for normal bone structure. The intake varies widely, depending on whether high-content foods such as unrefined grains, green leafy vegetables and tea are consumed. The usual intake of this trace element is 2~5mg per day, and the absorption rate is 5%~10%.

A manganese-deficient person has reported a case of transient dermatitis, hypocholesterolemia, and increased alkaline phosphatase levels in a person consuming a purified diet containing 0.1 mg of manganese per day. He lost about 60% of his estimated body manganese pools within 2 weeks but did not lose any further during another 4 weeks of diet starvation. Manganese deficiency has been documented in the clinical literature.

Manganese poisoning is usually limited to people who mine and refine ores, and long-term exposure to manganese can cause neurological symptoms similar to Parkinson's or Wilson's disease.

Manganese rich foods

The daily manganese supply for adults is 0.1 mg per kilogram of body weight. Tea, nuts, whole grains, and dried beans contain the most manganese in food. The manganese content in vegetables and dried fresh fruits is slightly higher than that in meat, milk and aquatic products. The manganese content in fish liver and chicken liver is higher than that in meat. Generally, a diet mixed with meat and vegetables can supply 5 mg of manganese per day, which can basically meet the needs. A partial eclipse of milled rice, white flour, more meat, and low levels of manganese in milk. Insufficient manganese intake can be suspected when normal people experience weight loss, sexual dysfunction, and premature graying of hair.

plant action

Plants mainly absorb manganese ions (Mn). Mn is an activator of many enzymes in cells such as dehydrogenases, decarboxylases, kinases, oxidases and peroxidases, especially affecting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Manganese splits photosynthetic water into oxygen. When manganese is deficient, there is a lack of green between the veins, accompanied by the production of small necrotic spots. Lack of green can appear in young or old leaves, depending on the plant species and growth rate.